SCHEDULE 14A

(Rule14a-101)

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN PROXY STATEMENT

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed by the Registrant    ☒                        Filed by a Party other than the Registrant    ☐

Check the appropriate box:

  Preliminary Proxy Statement
  Confidential, For Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule14a-6(e)(2))
  Definitive Proxy Statement
  Definitive Additional Materials
  Soliciting Material Under Rule14a-12

Cohen & SteersClosed-End Opportunity Fund, Inc.

Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc.

Cohen & Steers Infrastructure Fund, Inc.

Cohen & Steers Limited Duration Preferred and Income Fund, Inc.

Cohen & Steers MLP Income and Energy Opportunity Fund, Inc.

Cohen & Steers Quality Income Realty Fund, Inc.

Cohen & Steers REIT and Preferred and Income Fund, Inc.

Cohen & Steers Select Preferred and Income Fund, Inc.

Cohen & Steers Total Return Realty Fund, Inc.

 

 

(Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other Than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

 No fee required.
 Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules14a-6(i)(4) and0-11.
 (1) 

Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:

     

 (2) 

Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:

     

 (3) 

Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):

     

 (4) 

Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:

     

 (5) 

Total fee paid:

     

 Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.
 Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.
 (1) 

Amount Previously Paid:

     

 (2) 

Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:

     

 (3) 

Filing Party:

     

 (4) 

Date Filed:

     


COHEN & STEERSCLOSED-END OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS GLOBAL INCOME BUILDER, INC.

COHEN & STEERS INFRASTRUCTURE FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS QUALITY INCOME REALTY FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS REIT AND PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS SELECT PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS TOTAL RETURN REALTY FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS LIMITED DURATION PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS MLP INCOME AND ENERGY OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC.

(each a “Fund”, and collectively, the “Funds”)

280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017

(212) 832-3232

NOTICE OF JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held On April 25, 201923, 2020

To the Stockholders of the above-listed Funds:

NOTICEIS HEREBY GIVEN that the Joint Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Meeting”) of the Funds, each of which is a Maryland corporation, will be held at the offices of the Funds, 280 Park Avenue, 10th Floor, New York, New York 10017, on April 25, 201923, 2020 at 10:11:00 a.m., New York City time, for the following purposes, all of which are more fully described in the accompanying Combined Proxy Statement dated March 6, 2019:5, 2020:

 

 1.

To consider and vote upon the election of threetwo Directors of each Fund, to hold office for a term ending at the 20222023 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify; and

 

 2.

To transact such other business as may properly come before the Meeting or any postponement or adjournment thereof.

The Boards of Directors of the above listed-entities have fixed the close of business on February 15, 2019March 2, 2020 as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Meeting or any postponement or adjournment thereof. The enclosed proxy is being solicited on behalf of the Directors.

 

By order of the Boards of Directors,
LOGOLOGO
Dana A. DeVivo
Secretary

New York, New York

March 6, 20195, 2020


YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT

We invite you to utilize the convenience of Internet proxy authorization at the site indicated on the enclosed Proxy Card. While at that site you will be able to enroll in our electronic delivery program which will ensure that you receive future mailings relating to annual meetings of the Fund(s) as quickly as possible and will help the Fund(s) save costs. Or you may indicate your voting instructions on the enclosed Proxy Card, sign and date it, and return it in the envelope provided, which needs no postage if mailed in the United States. In order to save the Fund(s) any additional expense of further solicitation, please authorize your proxy promptly.

 

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the

Stockholder Meeting to

Be Held on April 25, 2019.23, 2020.

This notice, proxy statement and proxy card for each Fund is available at www.proxyvote.com


PROXY STATEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

   Page 

Introduction

   1 

Proposal One: Election of Directors

   3 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   19 

Certain Information Regarding the Investment Manager

   2122 

Officers of the Funds

   22 

Submission of Proposals for the Next Annual Meeting of Stockholders

   24 

Stockholder Communications

   25 

Other Matters

   25 

Quorum and Votes Required

   26 


COMBINED PROXY STATEMENT

COHEN & STEERSCLOSED-END OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC. (“FOF”)

COHEN & STEERS GLOBAL INCOME BUILDER, INC. (“INB”)

COHEN & STEERS INFRASTRUCTURE FUND, INC. (“UTF”)

COHEN & STEERS LIMITED DURATION PREFERRED AND

INCOME FUND, INC. (“LDP”)

COHEN & STEERS MLP INCOME AND ENERGY

OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC. (“MIE”)

COHEN & STEERS QUALITY INCOME REALTY FUND, INC. (“RQI”)

COHEN & STEERS REIT AND PREFERRED AND

INCOME FUND, INC. (“RNP”)

COHEN & STEERS SELECT PREFERRED AND

INCOME FUND, INC. (“PSF”)

COHEN & STEERS TOTAL RETURN REALTY FUND, INC. (“RFI”)

280 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10017

(212) 832-3232

JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held On April 25, 201923, 2020

INTRODUCTION

This Combined Proxy Statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies on behalf of the Boards of Directors (the “Boards”) of the above listed entities, each a Maryland corporation (each a “Fund”, and collectively, the “Funds”), to be exercised at the Joint Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Funds, to be held at the offices of the Funds, 280 Park Avenue, 10th Floor, New York, New York 10017, on April 25, 201923, 2020 at 10:11:00 a.m., New York City time, and at any postponements or adjournments thereof (collectively, the “Meeting”). In order to attend the Meeting in person, stockholders must bring valid photo identification and, if you hold your shares through a broker, bank or other nominee, a “legal proxy.proxy, which can be obtained from your broker, bank or other nominee. The solicitation will be by mail and the cost (including printing and mailing this Combined Proxy Statement, Notice of Meeting and Proxy Card, as well as any necessary supplementary solicitation) will be borne by each Fund pursuant to the terms of its investment management agreement. In addition to soliciting proxies by mail, each Fund’s officers or representatives of the Funds’ investment manager may solicit proxies by telephone. The Notice of Meeting, Combined Proxy Statement and Proxy Card are being mailed to stockholders on or about March 6, 2019.16, 2020.

In accordance with each Fund’s bylaws, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of record of a majority of the shares of each Fund issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Meeting shall constitute a quorum for such Fund at the Meeting. If, however, a quorum shall not be present or represented at the Meeting or if fewer shares are present in person or by proxy than is the minimum required to take action

1


with respect to any proposal presented at the Meeting, the chairman of the Meeting or

1


the holders of a majority of the shares of each Fund present in person or by proxy (or a majority of votes cast if a quorum is present) shall have the power to adjourn the Meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the Meeting, until the requisite number of shares entitled to vote at the Meeting shall be present, to a date not more than 120 days after the record date. At any adjourned Meeting, if the relevant quorum is subsequently constituted, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the Meeting as originally called. For purposes of determining the presence of a quorum for transacting business at the Meeting, abstentions and broker“non-votes” (that is, proxies from brokers or nominees indicating that they have not received instructions from the beneficial owner or other persons entitled to vote shares on a particular matter with respect to which the brokers or nominees do not have discretionary voting power), if any, will be treated as shares that are present but which have not been voted. The election of each nominee requires a plurality of the votes cast at the meeting, assuming a quorum is present. Abstentions and brokernon-votes, if any, will count towards the presence of a quorum but otherwise will have no effect on obtaining the requisite approval of the proposal.

Although each Fund is a separate investment company that holds an annual meeting of stockholders, the Funds’ Proxy Statements have been combined into this Combined Proxy Statement to reduce expenses to the Funds of soliciting proxies for the Meeting.

The Boards have fixed the close of business on February 15, 2019March 2, 2020 as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Meeting. The outstanding voting shares of each Fund as of the close of business on February 15, 2019March 2, 2020 consisted of:

 

Fund

  Shares of Common Stock 

FOF

   27,209,148.000

INB

23,142,068.00027,228,320.0000 

RQI

   109,161,402.037134,243,229.0369 

RNP

   47,566,736.34847,582,193.3480 

UTF

   85,319,793.64293,522,808.6420 

RFI

   26,142,041.00026,205,216.0000 

PSF

   12,002,788.00012,009,726.0000 

LDP

   28,844,929.00028,867,854.0000 

MIE

   26,793,340.00026,870,103.0000 

Each share is entitled to one vote and each fractional share is entitled to a proportional fractional share vote. All properly executed proxies received prior to the Meeting will be exercised at the Meeting in accordance with the instructions marked thereon or as otherwise provided therein and in the discretion of the proxy holder on any other matter that is properly brought before the Meeting, or any postponement or adjournment thereof. Accordingly, unless instructions to the contrary are marked, proxies will be votedFOR the election of each of the Directors.nominees for Director. Any stockholder may revoke his or her proxy at any time prior to exercise thereof by giving

2


written notice to the Secretary of the Fund(s) at its offices at 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York

2


10017, or by authorizing another proxy of a later date or by personally casting his or her vote at the Meeting. Stockholders can vote only on matters affecting the Fund(s) in which they hold shares.a share as of the close of business on the record date. Because the proposals in the Notice of Joint Annual Meeting of Stockholders are separate for each Fund, it is essential that stockholders who own shares in multiple Funds complete, date, sign and return (or authorize their proxy by telephone or internet in respect of) each Proxy Card they receive.

The most recent annual report of each Fund, including financial statements, has been previously mailed to that Fund’s stockholders. If you have not received a report for any of the Funds in which you own shares or would like to receive an additional copy free of charge, please contact Dana A. DeVivo, Secretary of the Funds, at 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017,(800)  330-7348, and it will be sent promptly by first-class mail.

PROPOSAL ONE

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

For each Fund, at the Meeting, three Directorstwo individuals are nominated to be elected to serve as Directors for their respective terms and until their successors are duly elected and qualify. The nominees for Director are Joseph M. Harvey, Gerald J. Maginnis,Michael G. Clark and Daphne L. RichardsDean A. Junkans to hold office for terms to expire at the 20222023 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify. It is the intention of the persons named in the enclosed proxy to vote in favor of each of the nominees. At the Meeting, the holders of each Fund’s common stock will have equal voting rights (i.e., one vote per share), and will vote as a single class on the election of Ms. RichardsMessrs. Clark and Junkans. Messrs. HarveyClark and Maginnis. Ms. Richards and Messrs. Harvey and MaginnisJunkans currently serve as Directors of each of the twenty funds within the group of funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), that are managed by Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc. (the “Cohen & Steers Fund Complex”).

Each Fund’s stockholders initially elected their Board to staggered terms at the respective Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on:

 

Funds

  Date of stockholder
meeting electing
Board of Directors
to  staggered terms
 

FOF

   April 19, 2007

INB

April 17, 2008 

RQI

   April 24, 2003 

RNP

   April 29, 2004 

RFI

   April 27, 1994 

UTF

   April 28, 2005 

PSF

   April 28, 2011 

LDP

   April 25, 2013 

MIE

   April 24, 2014 

 

3


Accordingly, the term of office of only a single class of Directors for each Fund will expire at the Meeting. As a result of this system, only those Directors in any one class may be changed in any one year, and it would require two years or more to change a majority of a Fund’s Board. This system of electing Directors, which may be regarded as an “anti-takeover” provision, may have the effect of maintaining the continuity of management and, thus, make it more difficult for each Fund’s stockholders to change a majority of the Directors.

Each of the nominees has consented to continue serving as a Director. The Board of each Fund knows of no reason why a nominee would be unable to serve, but in the event of such unavailability, the proxies received will be votedFOR such substitute nominee as the Board may recommend.

Directors of the Funds, together with information as to their positions with the Funds, principal occupations and other board memberships and affiliations for at least the past five years, are shown below.

 

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
 Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other  Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
 Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Independent Directors4

Independent Directors4

     

Independent Directors4

    

Michael G. Clark

 1965 Director From 2006 to 2011, President and Chief Executive Officer of DWS Funds and Managing Director of Deutsche Asset Management. Since 2011  2020   20  1965 Director, Lead Independent Director CPA and CFA; From 2006 to 2011, President and Chief Executive Officer of DWS Funds and Managing Director of Deutsche Asset Management. Since 2011  20235   20 

George Grossman

 1953 Director Attorney-at-Law. Since 1993  2021   20  1953 Director Attorney-at-Law. Since 1993  2021   20 

 

4


Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
 Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other  Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
 Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Dean A. Junkans

 1959 Director C.F.A.; Advisor to SigFig since July, 2018; Adjunct Professor and Executive-In-Residence, Bethel University since 2015; Chief Investment Officer at Wells Fargo Private Bank from 2004 to 2014 and Chief Investment Officer of the Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement group at Wells Fargo & Company from 2011 to 2014; Former member and Chair, Claritas Advisory Committee at the CFA Institute from 2013 to 2015; Board Member and Investment Committee member, Bethel University Foundation since 2010; Formerly, Corporate Executive Board Member of the National Chief Investment Officers Circle, 2010 to 2015; Formerly, Member of the Board of Governors of the University of Wisconsin Foundation, River Falls, 1996 to 2004; U.S. Army Veteran, Gulf War. Since 2015  2020   20  1959 Director CFA; Advisor to SigFig (a registered investment advisor) since July, 2018; Adjunct Professor andExecutive-In-Residence, Bethel University since 2015; Chief Investment Officer at Wells Fargo Private Bank from 2004 to 2014 and Chief Investment Officer of the Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement group at Wells Fargo & Company from 2011 to 2014; former member and Chair, Claritas Advisory Committee at the CFA Institute from 2013 to 2015; Board Member and Investment Committee member, Bethel University Foundation since 2010; formerly, Corporate Executive Board Member of the National Chief Investment Officers Circle, 2010 to 2015; formerly, Member of the Board of Governors of the University of Wisconsin Foundation, River Falls, 1996 to 2004; U.S. Army Veteran, Gulf War. Since 2015  20235   20 

Gerald J. Maginnis

 1955 Director Philadelphia Office Managing Partner, KPMG LLP from 2006 to 2015; Partner in Charge, KPMG Pennsylvania Audit Practice from 2002 to 2008; President, Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA) from 2014 to 2015; member, PICPA Board of Directors from 2012 to 2016; member, Council of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) from 2013 to 2017; member, Board of Trustees of AICPA Foundation since 2015. Since 2015  20225    20 

 

5


Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
 Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other  Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
 Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Gerald J. Maginnis

 1955 Director Philadelphia Office Managing Partner, KPMG LLP from 2006 to 2015; Partner in Charge, KPMG Pennsylvania Audit Practice from 2002 to 2008; President, Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA) from 2014 to 2015; member, PICPA Board of Directors from 2012 to 2016; member, Council of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) from 2013 to 2017; member, Board of Trustees of AICPA Foundation since 2015. Since 2015  2022   20 

Jane F. Magpiong

 1960 Director President, Untap Potential since 2013; Senior Managing Director, TIAA-CREF, from 2011 to 2013; National Head of Wealth Management, TIAA-CREF, from 2008 to 2011; and prior to that, President, Bank of America Private Bank from 2005 to 2008. Since 2015  2021   20  1960 Director President, Untap Potential since 2013; Senior Managing Director, TIAA-CREF, from 2011 to 2013; National Head of Wealth Management, TIAA-CREF, from 2008 to 2011; and prior to that, President, Bank of America Private Bank from 2005 to 2008. Since 2015  2021   20 

Daphne L. Richards

 1966 Director Independent Director of Cartica Management, LLC since 2015; Member of Investment Committee of the Berkshire Taconic Community Foundation since 2015; Member of Advisory Board of Northeast Dutchess Fund since 2016; President and CIO of Ledge Harbor Management since 2016; Formerly, worked at Bessemer Trust Company from 1999 to 2014; Prior thereto, held investment positions at Frank Russell Company from 1996 to 1999, Union Bank of Switzerland from 1993 to 1996; Credit Suisse from 1990 to 1993; and Hambros International Venture Capital Fund from 1988 to 1989. Since 2017  20225    20 

C. Edward Ward, Jr.

 1946 Director Member of The Board of Trustees of Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York from 2004 to 2014. Formerly, Director ofclosed-end fund management for the New York Stock Exchange from 1979 to 2004. Since 2004  2021   20 

 

6


Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
 Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other  Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
 Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Daphne L. Richards

  1966  Director Independent Director of Cartica Management, LLC since 2015; Investment Committee Member of the Berkshire Taconic Community Foundation since 2015 and Member of Advisory Board of Northeast Dutchess Fund since 2016; President and CIO of Ledge Harbor Management since 2016; formerly at Bessemer Trust Company from 1999 to 2014; prior thereto, held investment positions at Frank Russell Company from 1996 to 1999, Union Bank of Switzerland from 1993 to 1996, Credit Suisse from 1990 to 1993 and Hambros International Venture Capital Fund from 1988 to 1989. Since 2017  2022   20 

C. Edward Ward, Jr.

  1946  Director Member of The Board of Trustees of Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York from 2004 to 2014. Formerly, Director ofclosed-end fund management for the New York Stock Exchange from 1979 to 2004. Since 2004  2021   20 

Interested Directors6

Interested Directors6

 

      

Joseph M. Harvey

 1963 Director President and Chief Investment Officer of Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc. (CSCM or the Advisor) since 2003, and President of Cohen & Steers, Inc. (CNS), the parent of the Advisor since 2004. Prior to that, Senior Vice President and Director of Investment Research of CSCM. Since 2014  20225    20   1963  Director President of CSCM (since 2003) and President of CNS (since 2004). Chief Investment Officer of CSCM from 2003 to 2019. Prior to that, Senior Vice President and Director of Investment Research of CSCM. Since 2014  2022   20 

Robert H. Steers

 1953 Director, Chairman Chief Executive Officer of the Advisor and CNS since 2014. Prior to that,Co-Chairman andCo-Chief Executive Officer of the Advisor since 2003 and CNS since 2004. Prior to that, Chairman of the Advisor; Vice President of Cohen & Steers Securities, LLC. Since 1991  2021   20 

7


Name, Address and
Year of Birth1

 

Position
Held
with Fund

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During At Least The Past
Five Years (Including
Other  Directorships Held)

 

Length of
Time Served2

 Term
of  Office3
  Number of
Funds
Within
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Director
(Including
the Funds)
 

Robert H. Steers

 1953 Director, Chairman Chief Executive Officer of the Advisor and CNS since 2014. Prior to that,Co-Chairman andCo-Chief Executive Officer of the Advisor since 2003 and CNS since 2004. Prior to that, Chairman of the Advisor; Vice President of Cohen & Steers Securities, LLC. Since 1991  2021   20 

 

1

The address of each Director is c/o Cohen & Steers Funds, 280 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017.

2

The length of time served represents the year in which the Director was first elected to any fund in the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex.

3

On March 12, 2008, the Board of Directors adopted a mandatory retirement policy stating a Director must retire from the Board on December 31st of the year in which he or she turns 75 years of age.

4

“Independent Directors” are not “interested persons” as defined in the Act, of the Funds.

5

If elected at the Meeting.

6

“Interested person,” as defined in the Act, of each Fund (“Interested Director”) because of the affiliation with Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc., each Fund’s investment manager (the “Advisor”), and its parent company, Cohen & Steers, Inc. (“CNS”).

Each Director, except Mses. Magpiong and Richards and Messrs. Junkans andMr. Maginnis, has been a Director of the Funds for at least five years. Additional information about each Independent Director follows (supplementing the information

7


provided in the table above) that describes some of the specific experiences, qualifications, attributes or skills that each Directorhe or she possesses which the Boards believe has prepared him or her to be an effective Director.

 

 

Michael G. Clark - In addition to his tenure as a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Mr. Clark has served as the Cohen & Steers fund’s lead Independent Director since January 2018, acting as liaison between the Boards and the Independent Directors. Mr. Clark has also served as the Chairman of the Boards’ Nominating Committee since 2015 and Dividend Committee since 2018. Prior to becoming a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Mr. Clark served as President of the DWS family of funds and Managing Director of Deutsche Asset

8


Management for over 5 years. Prior to that, he held senior management positions at Merrill Lynch Investment Managers and Merrill Lynch Asset Management, and prior thereto, was an auditor at Merrill Lynch & Co. and Deloitte & Touche. He has over 25 years of investment management and financial services industry experience.experience and is a Certified Public Accountant and CFA Charterholder.

 

 

George Grossman - In addition to his tenure as a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Mr. Grossman has practiced commercial and residential real estate law, real estate development, zoning and complex financing for over 30 years, managing his own law firm. Mr. Grossman also serves as the Chairman of the Boards’ Contracts Review Committee, coordinating the information presented to the Boards in connection with the renewal of each Fund’s management contracts as well as interacting with the independent third partythird-party service provider.

 

 

Dean A. Junkans- In addition to his tenure as a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Mr. Junkans has served as the Chairman of the Boards’ Governance Committee since 2018. Currently, Mr. Junkans also serves as an advisor to SigFig (a registered investment advisor) since July 2018. Prior to becoming a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Mr. Junkans was Chief Investment Officer at Wells Fargo Private Bank from 2004 to 2014 and Chief Investment Officer of the Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement group at Wells Fargo & Company from 2011 to 2014. He was a member and Chair of the Claritas Advisory Committee at the CFA Institute from 2013 to 2015, and is also a board member and Investment Committee member of Bethel University Foundation. He was a member of the Board of Governors of the University of Wisconsin Foundation, River Falls, from 1996 to 2004, and is a U.S. Army Veteran.

 

 

Gerald J. Maginnis - In addition to his tenure as a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Mr. Maginnis has served as Chairman of the Board’s Audit Committee since 2019. Prior to becoming a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Mr. Maginnis was Partner in Charge of KPMG’s Audit Practice in Pennsylvania from 2002 to 2008, and served as KPMG’s Philadelphia Office Managing Partner from 2006 to 2015. He served as President of the Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA) from 2014 to 2015, and was a member of the Council of the American Institute of Certified Public Accounts (AICPA) from 2014 to 2017. He was a member of the Board of Directors of PICPA from 2012 to 2016 and has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the AICPA Foundation since 2015. He has previously served on the boards of severalnon-profit organizations. Mr. Maginnis holds a BS from St. Joseph’s University, and is a Certified Public Accountant.

 

 

Jane F. Magpiong - Prior to becoming a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Ms. Magpiong was President of Bank of America Private Bank from 2005 to 2008, National Head of Wealth Management at TIAA-CREF from 2008 to 2011, and Senior Managing Director of Leadership Development at TIAA-CREF from 2011 to 2013. Ms. Magpiong has over 26 years of investment management experience, and has previously served on the boards of several charitable

 

89


 

foundations. Ms. Magpiong holds a BA from the University of California at Santa Barbara and a Masters in Management from the University of Redlands.

 

 

Daphne L. Richards- In addition to her tenure as a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Ms. Richards serves as an Independent Director of Cartica Management, LLC since 2015. She has also been a Member of the Investment Committee of the Berkshire Taconic Community Foundation since 2015, a Member of the Advisory Board of Northeast Dutchess Fund since 2016, and the President and CIO of Ledge Harbor Management since 2016. Previously, Ms. Richards worked at Bessemer Trust Company from 1999 to 2014. Prior thereto, Ms. Richards held investment positions at Frank Russell Company from 1996 to 1999, Union Bank of Switzerland from 1993 to 1996, Credit Suisse from 1990 to 1993, and Hambros International Venture Capital Fund from 1988 to 1989.

 

 

C. Edward Ward, Jr. - In addition to his tenure as a Director of the Cohen & Steers funds, Mr. Ward has over 32 years of industry experience withclosed-end investment companies, previously serving as Director ofClosed-End Fund Management at the New York Stock Exchange. He also earned a masterMaster of business administrationBusiness Administration degree from Harvard University and served as a trustee of a private university.

The Boards believe that the significance of each Director’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills is an individual matter (meaning that experience that is important for one Director may not have the same value for another) and that these factors are best evaluated at the board level, with no single Director, or particular factor, being indicative of board effectiveness. However, the Boards believe that each Director needs to have the ability to critically review, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, and to interact effectively with Fund management, service providers and counsel, in order to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of his or her duties; the Boards believe that each of their members satisfies this standard. Experience relevant to having this abilitythese abilities may be achieved through a Director’s educational background; business, professional training or practice (e.g., accountancy or law), public service or academic positions; experience from service as a board member (including the Boards of the Funds) or as an executive of investment funds, public companies or significant private ornot-for-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. The charter for each Board’s Nominating Committee contains certain other specific requirements and factors considered by the Committee in identifying and selecting Director candidates (please see below).

To assist them in evaluating matters under federal and state law, the Directors are counseled by their own independent legal counsel, who participates in Board meetings and interacts with the Advisor, and also may benefit from information provided by the Funds’ and the Advisor’s counsel; both Board and Fund counsel have significant experience advising funds and fund board members. Each Board and its committees have the power to engage other experts as appropriate. Each Board evaluates its performance on an annual basis.

 

910


Board Composition and Leadership Structure. The Act requires that at least 40% of a Fund’s Directors be Independent Directors and, as such, not affiliated with the Advisor. To rely on certain exemptive rules under the Act, a majority of a Fund’s Directors must be Independent Directors, and for certain important matters, such as the approval of investment advisory agreements or certain transactions with affiliates, the Act or the rules thereunder require the approval of a majority of the Independent Directors. Currently, over 75% of each Fund’s Directors are Independent Directors. The Chairman of each of the Boards is an interested person of the Funds, and the Independent Directors have designated a lead Independent Director who chairs meetings or executive sessions of the Independent Directors, reviews and comments on Board meeting agendas, represents the views of the Independent Directors to management and facilitates communication among the Independent Directors and their counsel. Each Board has determined that its leadership structure, in which the Independent Directors have designated aMichael G. Clark as lead Independent Director to function as described above, is appropriate in light of the services that the Advisor and its affiliates provide and potential conflicts of interest that could arise from these relationships.

During the calendar year ended December 31, 2018,2019, each Board met the number of times indicated in the table below:

 

Fund

  Number of Board
Meetings
 

RFI

   5 

RQI

   56 

RNP

   5 

UTF

   5 

FOF

   4

INB

65 

PSF

   45 

LDP

   45 

MIE

   45 

Each Director then in office attended at least 75% of the aggregate number of meetings of the Boards and the Committees of which he or she was a member. The Funds do not have policies with regard to the Directors’ attendance at annual meetings and none of the Directors attended any Fund’s 20182019 annual meeting of stockholders. Each Fund maintains five standing Board Committees: the Audit Committee, the Nominating Committee, the Contract Review Committee, the Governance Committee and the Dividend Committee (each, a “Committee” and collectively, the “Committees”). The Directors serving on each Committee are Independent Directors, and otherwise satisfy the applicable standards for independence of a committee member of an investment company issuer under the federal securities laws and under applicable listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. The members of the Audit Committee of each Fund are Messrs. Clark, Grossman and Maginnis. The members of the Nominating Committee and the Contract Review Committee of each Fund are Mses. Magpiong and Richards and Messrs. Clark, Grossman, Junkans,

 

1011


Maginnis and Ward. The members of the Governance Committee of each Fund are Mses. Magpiong and Richards and Messrs. Junkans and Ward. The members of the Dividend Committee of each Fund are Ms. Magpiong and Messrs. Clark, Junkans and Maginnis.

The Audit Committee of each Fund met fivesix times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018,2019, (or, in the case of MIE, its fiscal year ended November 30, 2018)2019). Mr. Maginnis was elected to serve as Audit Committee Chair effective January 1, 2019. Each Audit Committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by the applicable Board. A current copy of the Audit Committee charter is available on the Advisor’s website at www.cohenandsteers.com/https://assets.cohenandsteers.com/assets/content/uploads/AuditCommitteeCharter.pdf.Audit_Committee_Charter_Updated_September_2019.pdf. The general purposes of each Audit Committee are to oversee the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting and processes and audits of the Fund’s financial statements; the integrity of the Fund’s financial statements; the Fund’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting processes and financial statement audits; and the qualifications, independence and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm(s) engaged by the Fund and the performance of the Fund’s independent audit function, if any.

The Nominating Committee of each Fund met one time during the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182019 (or, in the case of MIE, its fiscal year ended November 30, 2018)2019) and operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by the applicable Board. A current copy of the Nominating Committee charter is available on the Advisor’s website athttps://www.cohenandsteers.com/assets/content/uploads/Nominating_Committee_Charter_Fds.pdf.Nominating_Committee_Charter_Fds.pdf. The main functions of each Nominating Committee are to (i) identify individuals qualified to become Directors in the event that a position is vacated or created, (ii) select the Director nominees for the next annual meeting of stockholders and (iii) set any necessary standards or qualifications for service on the applicable Board. Each Nominating Committee requires that Director candidates have a college degree or equivalent business experience. Each Nominating Committee may take into account a wide variety of factors in considering Director candidates, including (but not limited to): (i) availability and commitment of a candidate to attend meetings and perform his or her responsibilities on the Board, (ii) an assessment of the candidate’s ability to critically review, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, and to interact effectively with Fund management, service providers and counsel, in order to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties, (iii) educational background, (iv) business, professional training or practice (e.g., accountancy or law), public service or academic positions, (v) an assessment of the candidate’s character and integrity, (vi) experience from service as a board member (including the BoardBoards of the Funds) or as an executive of investment funds, public companies or significant private ornot-for-profit entities or other organizations, (vii) whether or not the candidate has any relationships that might impair his or her independence, such as any business, financial or family relationships with Cohen & Steers, Fund service providers or their

12


affiliates and (viii) overall interplay of a candidate’s experience, skill and knowledge

11


with that of other Nominating CommitteeBoard members. In addition, although the Nominating Committee does not have a formal policy with regard to consideration of diversity in identifying Director candidates, the Nominating Committee may consider whether a potential candidate’s qualities and attributes, including gender, race or national origin, would provide beneficial diversity of skills, experience or perspective to the Board’s membership and collective attributes. Such considerations will vary based on the Board’s existing membership and other factors, such as the strength of a potential nominee’s overall qualifications relative to diversity considerations. The Nominating Committee may, but is not required to, retain a third partythird-party search firm at the Fund’s expense to identify potential candidates. The Nominating Committee will consider Director candidates recommended by stockholders, provided that any such stockholder recommendation is submitted in writing to the Fund, to the attention of the Secretary, at the address of the principal executive offices of the Fund and further provided that such recommendation includes all other information specified in the Nominating Committee charter and complies with the procedures set forth in Appendix A thereto.

The Contract Review Committee of each Fund met two times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182019 (or, in the case of MIE, its fiscal year ended November 30, 2018)2019), and each Contract Review Committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by the applicable Board. The main functions of each Contract Review Committee are to make recommendations to the Board after reviewing advisory and other contracts that the Fund has with the Advisor and to select third parties to provide evaluative reports and other information to the Board regarding the services provided by the Advisor.

The Governance Committee of each Fund met five times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182019 (or, in the case of MIE, its fiscal year ended November 30, 2018)2019) and operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by the applicable Board. The main function of each Governance Committee is to assist the Board in the oversight of appropriate and effective governance of the Fund. The Governance Committee oversees, among other things, the structure and composition of the Board Committees, the size of the Board and the compensation of Independent Directors for service on the Board and any Board Committee and the process for securing insurance coverage for the Board.

The Dividend Committee of each Fund met two timesone time during the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182019 (or, in the case of MIE, its fiscal year ended November 30, 2018)2019). The main function of each Dividend Committee is to assist the applicable Board in the oversight of the Funds’ process for determining distributions and to exercise the power to declare distributions delegated to it by the Board.

Board’s Oversight Role in Management. The Board’s role in management of each Fund is oversight. As is the case with virtually all investment companies (as distinguished from operating companies), service providers to the Funds, primarily the Advisor and its affiliates, have responsibility for theday-to-day management of the

 

1213


Funds, which includes responsibility for risk management (including management of investment performance and investment risk, valuation risk, issuer and counterparty credit risk, compliance risk and operational risk). As part of its oversight, each Board, acting at its scheduled meetings, or the lead Independent Director, acting between Board meetings, regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers, including the Funds’ and the Advisor’s Chief Compliance Officer and portfolio management personnel. Each Board’s Audit Committee meets during its scheduled meetings, and between meetings the Audit Committee chair maintains contact, with the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm and the Funds’ Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer. Each Board also receives periodic presentations from senior personnel of the Advisor or its affiliates regarding risk management generally, as well as periodic presentations regarding specific operational, compliance or investment areas such as business continuity, anti-money laundering, personal trading, valuation, credit, investment research and securities lending. Each Board also receives reports from counsel to the Funds’ and the Advisor and the Boards’ own independent legal counsel regarding regulatory compliance and governance matters. Each Board’s oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Fund’s investments or activities.

*         *        *

Audit Committee Report

The Audit Committee of each Cohen & Steers Fund (a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”) has met with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, to discuss the scope of the audit engagement, review the Funds’ financial statements, and discuss the statements and audit results with management. Each Audit Committee discussed with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), received the written disclosures and the letter from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP required by PCAOB Rule 3526 and discussed with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence. Based on these reviews and discussions, each Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited financial statements of each Fund be included in that Fund’s annual report to stockholders for the last fiscal year for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).Commission.

February 26, 201927, 2020

Submitted by the Audit Committee of each Fund’s Board of Directors

Michael G. Clark

George Grossman

Gerald J. Maginnis, Chairman

*         *        *

 

1314


As of January 31, 2019,2020, the Directors and officers of each Fund as a group owned the following number of shares of each Fund, which is less than 1% of the outstanding securities of such Fund.

 

Fund

  Aggregate
Shares Held
 

FOF

   11,804

INB

6,09135,816.4877 

PSF

   6,7026,883.8295 

RFI

   7,7033,323.1112 

RNP

   6,0903,830.8181 

RQI

   19,20614,762.5170 

UTF

   8,0035,901.2550 

LDP

   3,5301,000.0000 

MIE

   11,0052,500.0000 

To the knowledge of each Fund no person owned of record or owned beneficially more than 5% of each Fund’s common stock outstanding as of that date, except as listed below:

FOF:MIE:

 

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

  Amount of
Beneficial
Ownership as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
   Percent of
Fund as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
  Date of
Reporting of
>5% ownership
 

Morgan Stanley

   1,406,015    5.1  February 2, 2019 

Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC

     

1585 Broadway,

     

New York, NY 10036

     

INB:

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

  Amount of
Beneficial
Ownership as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
   Percent of
Fund as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
  Date of
Reporting of
>5% ownership
 

First Trust Portfolios L.P.

   2,922,448    12.65  February 6, 2019 

First Trust Advisors L.P.

     

The Charger Corporation

     

120 East Liberty Drive, Suite 400,

     

Wheaton, IL 60187

     

14


Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

  Amount of
Beneficial
Ownership as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
   Percent of
Fund as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
  Date of
Reporting of
>5% ownership
 

First Trust Portfolios L.P.

   3,575,265    13.34  12/31/19 

First Trust Advisors L.P.

     

The Charger Corporation

     

120 East Liberty Drive, Suite 400,

     

Wheaton, IL 60187

     

RFI:

 

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

  Amount of
Beneficial
Ownership as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
   Percent of
Fund as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
 Date of
Reporting of
>5% ownership
   Amount of
Beneficial
Ownership as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
   Percent of
Fund as
Reported in
Schedule 13G
 Date of
Reporting of
>5% ownership
 

First Trust Portfolios L.P.

   2,956,164    11.31  February 4, 2019    2,548,0338    9.75  12/31/19 

First Trust Advisors L.P.

          

The Charger Corporation

          

120 East Liberty Drive, Suite 400,

          

Wheaton, IL 60187

          

15


and that Cede & Co., a nominee for participants in the Depository Trust Company, held of record:record as of March 2, 2020:

 

Fund

  Shares of
common stock
   Percentage of
Fund’s outstanding
common stock
   Shares of
common stock
   Percentage of
Fund’s outstanding
common stock
 

FOF

   27,205,529.0000    99.987   27,224,589.0000    99.986

INB

   23,135,948.0000    99.974

RQI

   109,078,283.0000    99.924   134,170,648.0000    99.946

RNP

   47,535,045.0000    99.933   47,549,321.0000    99.931

UTF

   85,296,138.0000    99.972   93,495,853.0000    99.971

RFI

   26,055,581.0000    99.669   26,123,619.4693    99.689

PSF

   12,002,345.0000    99.996   12,009,246.6168    99.996

LDP

   28,844,926.0000    100.000   28,867,851.0000    100.000

MIE

   26,792,874.0000    99.998   26,869,579.6642    99.998

As of December 31, 2018,2019, none of the Independent Directors nor any of their immediate family members owned any securities in the Advisor or any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Advisor.

The following table provides information concerning the dollar range of each Fund’s equity securities owned by each Director and the aggregate dollar range of securities owned in the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex by each Director as of December 31, 2018.2019.

15


A: None

B: $1 – $10,000

C: $10,001 – $50,000

D: $50,001 – $100,000

E: Over $100,000

 

   FOF   MIE   PSF   RQI   RNP   RFI   UTF   INBLDP  Aggregate Dollar
Range of
Equity Securities
in the
Cohen &  Steers
Fund Complex
 

Michael G. Clark

   C    BC    C    C    C    C    C    C   E 

George Grossman

   A    A    A    B    B    B    A    A   ABE 

Dean Junkans

   A    C    A    C    A    A    C    AC   DE 

Joseph M. Harvey*

   A    A    A    DE    A    B    A    A   ADE 

Gerald J. Maginnis

C   C    C    C    C    C    C    C    C   E 

Jane F. Magpiong

   A    A    A    A    A    A    A    A   AAE 

Daphne L. Richards

   A    A    A    A    A    A    A    A   AA

Frank K. Ross1

AAACCCAAACE 

Robert H. Steers*

   A    A    A    A    A    A    A    A   AAE 

C. Edward Ward, Jr.

   BC    B    B    C    BC    B    BC    B   BDE 

 

*

Interested Directors.

1

Frank Ross retired from the Board of Directors on December 31, 2018 pursuant to each Fund’s mandatory retirement policy.

16


Compensation of Directors and Officers. The Independent Directors are paid by the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex an annual base retainer of $149,500,$155,000, paid quarterly, and a $10,000 per meeting fee per quarter ($40,000 annually). Prior to January 1, 2020, the Independent Directors’ base retainer was $149,500. Such fees are allocated over the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex based on average net assets of each fund. Directors also are reimbursed theirout-of-pocket expenses in connection with attendance at Board and Committee meetings. The Audit Committee Chairman is paid $25,000 per year in the aggregate for his service as Chairman of the Audit Committees of the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex, and the Contract Review Committee and Governance Committee Chairman are each paid $20,000 per year in the aggregate for their work in connection with the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex. The Nominating Committee Chairman is paid $20,000 per year, to the extent a Board seat will be filled in that year and potential Board candidates are being interviewed and considered, for his work in connection with the Cohen & Steers Fund complex.Complex. The Chairman of the Dividend Committee is not paid for serving as a Chairman. The lead Independent Director is paid $50,000 per year in the aggregate for his service as lead Independent Director of the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex. Directors also may be paid additional compensation for services related to the Boards or Committees, as approved by the Board of each Fund.

16


The following table sets forth the fees andout-of-pocket expenses paid by each Fund to Directors for the calendar year ended December 31, 2018.2019.

 

Fund

  Total fees and
expenses paid for
the year ended
December  31, 2018
   Total fees and
expenses paid for
the year ended
December  31, 2019
 

FOF

  $20,968   $16,225.37 

INB

  $13,937 

PSF

  $18,252   $14,170.98 

RFI

  $18,797   $16,148.63 

RNP

  $58,242   $50,153.63 

RQI

  $78,069   $69,587.66 

UTF

  $118,197   $99,976.76 

LDP

  $43,293   $33,017.49 

MIE

  $16,204   $11,406.35 

The following table sets forth information regarding compensation of Directors by each Fund for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182019 (or, in the case of MIE, its fiscal year ended November 30, 2018)2019) and by the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2018.2019. Officers of the Funds, other than the Chief Compliance Officer, and Interested Directors do not receive any compensation from the Funds or any other fund in the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex. The table also sets forth the compensation of the Chief Compliance Officer by each Fund for the calendar year ended December 31, 2018.2019. In the column headed “Total Compensation to Directors by Cohen & Steers Fund Complex,” the compensation paid to each Director represents thetwenty-twotwenty-one funds that each Director served in the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex during 2018.2019. The Directors do not receive any pension or retirement benefits from the Cohen & Steers Fund Complex.

(THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)

 

17


Compensation Table

Year Ended December 31, 20182019

 

 FOF INB PSF RFI RNP RQI UTF LDP MIE+ Total Paid
to Directors by
Cohen & Steers
Fund Complex
  FOF INB** PSF RFI RNP RQI UTF LDP MIE+ Total Paid
to Directors by
Cohen & Steers
Fund  Complex
 

Interested Directors

Interested Directors

 

    

Interested Directors

 

         

Robert H. Steers*, Director and Chairman

 $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0 

Joseph M. Harvey*, Director

 $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0  $0 
          

Independent Directors

Independent Directors

 

    

Independent Directors

 

         

Michael G. Clark, Director

 $3,027  $1,919  $2,636  $2,711  $8,401  $11,259  $17,054  $6,254  $2,341  $239,500 

Michael G. Clark, Director, Lead Independent Director, Dividend Committee Chairman and Nominating Committee Chairman

 $2,665.50  $1,628.19  $2,328.06  $2,652.67  $8,238.44  $11,430.24  $16,420.19  $5,424.28  $1,873.97  $239.500.00 

George Grossman, Director & Contract Review Committee Chairman

 $2,648  $1,679  $2,306  $2,371  $7,349  $9,848  $14,918  $5,471  $2,048  $209,500  $2,331.62  $1,424.24  $2,036.44  $2,320.38  $7,206.48  $9,998.47  $14,363.38  $4,744.83  $1,639.24  $209,500.00 

Dean Junkans, Director

 $2,648  $1,679  $2,306  $2,371  $7,349  $9,848  $14,918  $5,471  $2,048  $209,500 

Gerald J Maginnis, Director

 $2,395  $1,519  $2,086  $2,145  $6,647  $8,908  $13,493  $4,948  $1,853  $189,500 

Dean Junkans, Director & Governance Committee Chairman

 $2,331.62  $1,424.24  $2,036.44  $2,320.38  $7,206.48  $9,998.47  $14,363.38  $4,744.83  $1,639.24  $209,500.00 

Gerald J Maginnis, Director & Audit Committee Chairman

 $2,387.27  $1,458.24  $2,085.04  $2,375.78  $7,378.46  $10,237.10  $14,706.18  $4,848.07  $1,678.36  $214,500.00 

Jane F. Magpiong, Director

 $2,395  $1,519  $2,086  $2,145  $6,647  $8,908  $13,493  $4,948  $1,853  $189,500  $2,109.03  $1,288.28  $1,842.03  $2,089.88  $6,518.51  $9,043.97  $12,992.17  $4,291.86  $1,482.75  $189,500.00 

Daphne L. Richards, Director

 $2,395  $1,519  $2,086  $2,145  $6,647  $8,908  $13,493  $4,948  $1,853  $189,500  $2,109.03  $1,288.28  $1,842.03  $2,089.88  $6,518.51  $9,043.97  $12,992.17  $4,291.86  $1,482.75  $189,500.00 

Frank K. Ross, Director & Audit Committee Chairman1

 $2,711  $1,719  $2,361  $2,428  $7,524  $10,083  $15,274  $5,601  $2,097  $214,500 

C. Edward Ward, Jr., Director

 $2,395  $1,519  $2,086  $2,145  $6,647  $8,908  $13,493  $4,948  $1,853  $189,500  $2,109.03  $1,288.28  $1,842.03  $2,089.88  $6,518.51  $9,043.97  $12,992.17  $4,291.86  $1,482.75  $189,500.00 

Lisa Phelan, Chief Compliance Officer

 $4,221  $3,477  $5,155  $3,847  $15,955  $21,447  $32,959  $12,317  $4,566  $362,500  $3,403.16  $2,510.38  $4,207.98  $3,416.62  $14,029.88  $19,132.55  $29,462.99  $9,933.69  $3,416.96  $89,514.21 

 

*

Interested Directors.

**

Effective December 20, 2019, UTF acquired the shares of Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc (“INB”) in exchange for shares of UTF.

+

Amounts shown for MIE are as of calendarfiscal year ended December 31, 2018.November 30, 2019.

1

Frank Ross retired from the Board of Directors on December 31, 2018 pursuant to each Fund’s mandatory retirement policy.

18


Delinquent Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.Reports. Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 30(h) of the Act, as applied to the Funds, require certain of the Funds’ Directors, officers, the Advisor, affiliates of the Advisor, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a class of the Funds’ outstanding securities to file reports of ownership of the Funds’ securities and changes in such ownership with the SEC.Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Those persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish the relevant Fund(s) with copies of

18


all filings. To each Fund’s knowledge, all of its Directors and officers, the Advisor and its affiliates and certain holders of more than 10% of the applicable Fund’s common stock complied with all filing requirements under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act and Section 30(h) of the Act during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2019 for MIE and December 31, 2018 (or2019 for all other Funds, except a late Form 3 was filed to reflect Stephen Murphy’s appointment as an officer of the Funds in the caseDecember 2019, a late Form 4 was filed on behalf of MIE, its fiscal year ended November 30, 2018). However,Elaine Zaharis-Nikas to reflect a transaction in shares of PSF, a late Form 5 was filed on February 13, 2019behalf of Doug Bond due to reflect Adam Derechin’sa transfer of beneficial ownership in RQI. This filinghis shares of FOF, and a late Form 5 was madefiled on behalf of Adam Derechin to correct anamend previously reported ownership of shares of RQI, each due to administrative error in a prior filing.error.

Each Fund’s Board of Directors, including the Independent Directors, unanimously recommends that the stockholders of its Fund vote “FOR” the election of each nominee to serve as a Director of the Fund.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

For the fiscal year ended November 30, 20182019 for MIE and December 31, 20182019 for all other Funds, each Fund’s Audit Committee selected PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, to audit the accounts of the applicable Fund. Their selection was ratified and approved by the vote, cast in person, of a majority of the Directors of the applicable Fund, including a majority of the Independent Directors, each of whom are “independent” as defined in the New York Stock Exchange listing standards. On December 4, 2018,10, 2019, the Audit Committee of MIE selected PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the applicable Fund’s registered public accountaccounting firm (“auditor”) for the fiscal year ending November 30, 2019.2020. On March 19, 2019,17, 2020, the Audit Committee of each Fund, other than MIE, will meet to consider the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the applicable Fund’s auditor for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019.2020. This Combined Proxy Statement will be updated if the Audit Committee of each Fund, other than MIE, does not select PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the applicable Fund’s auditor for the year ending December 31, 2019.2020. Each Audit Committee meets at least twice a year with representatives of the applicable Funds’ auditor to discuss the scope of the auditor’s engagement and to review the financial statements of the applicable Funds and the results of its examination thereof. The auditor will not be at the Meeting but will be available to participate by telephone if needed.

 

19


Fees Paid to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Aggregate fees billed to the Funds for the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP were as follows:

 

  Audit Fees   Audit-
Related Fees
   Tax Fees   All Other Fees   Audit Fees   Audit-
Related Fees
   Tax Fees   All Other Fees 

Funds

  2018   2017   2018   2017   2018   2017   2018   2017   2019   2018   2019   2018   2019   2018   2019   2018 

FOF

  $42,410   $41,530   $0   $0   $5,850   $5,740   $0   $0   $45,580   $42,410   $0   $0   $5,940   $5,850   $0   $0 

INB

  $47,640   $46,660   $0   $0   $15,630   $15,295   $0   $0 

RQI

  $43,380   $42,480   $0   $0   $5,660   $5,550   $0   $0   $46,570   $43,380   $0   $0   $5,750   $5,660   $0   $0 

RNP

  $46,400   $45,440   $0   $0   $5,850   $5,740   $0   $0   $49,630   $46,400   $0   $0   $5,940   $5,850   $0   $0 

UTF

  $46,400   $45,440   $0   $0   $17,420   $19,665   $0   $0   $49,630   $46,400   $18,000   $0   $20,400   $20,100   $0   $0 

INB*

  $0   $47,640   $0   $0   $15,860   $15,630   $0   $0 

RFI

  $39,210   $8,390   $0   $0   $5,660   $5,550   $0   $0   $42,340   $39,210   $0   $0   $5,750   $5,660   $0   $0 

PSF

  $40,540   $39,700   $0   $0   $5,850   $5,740   $0   $0   $43,690   $40,540   $0   $0   $5,940   $5,850   $0   $0 

LDP

  $40,540   $39,700   $0   $0   $5,850   $5,740   $0   $0   $43,690   $40,540   $0   $0   $5,940   $5,850   $0   $0 

MIE*

  $92,120   $90,310   $0   $0   $93,770   $91,960   $0   $0 

MIE**

  $93,500   $89,620   $0   $0   $95,180   $93,770   $0   $0 

 

*

Effective December 20, 2019, UTF acquired the shares of INB in exchange for shares of UTF.

**

Each fiscal year ended November 30.

Tax fees were billed in connection with tax compliance services, including the preparation and review of federal and state tax returns and the computation of corporate income and franchise tax amounts.

MIE is structured as a C Corporation and, through November 30, 2016, had a wholly owned subsidiary.Corporation. Due to MIE’s structure and its MLP investments, the audit and tax fees are typically higher than the audit and tax fees for our otherclosed-end funds. MIE’s tax fees are billed in connection with tax compliance services, including the preparation and review of both federal and state tax returns and the computation of corporate income and franchise tax amounts.

Aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for the last two fiscal years fornon-audit services provided to the Advisor and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Advisor that provides ongoing services to the Funds (collectively, with the Advisor, “Service Affiliates”), where the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Funds and which werepre-approved by the Audit Committees, were as follows:

 

  2018   2017   2019   2018 

Audit-Related Fees

  $0   $0   $18,000   $0 

Tax Fees

  $161,540   $160,980   $166,700   $164,220 

All Other Fees

  $0   $0   $0   $0 

20


The Audit Committees are required topre-approve audit andnon-audit services performed for the Funds by their auditor. The Audit Committees also are required topre-approvenon-audit services performed by the Funds’ auditor for any Service Affiliate if the engagement for services relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of a Fund.

20


The Audit Committees may delegatepre-approval authority to one or more of their members. The member or members to whom such authority is delegated shall report anypre-approval decisions to the Audit Committees at their next scheduled meeting. The Audit Committees may not delegate their responsibility topre-approve services to be performed by the Funds’ principal auditor to the Advisor.

None of the services described above were approved by the Audit Committees pursuant to paragraphs (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule2-01 of RegulationS-X.

The aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP fornon-audit services rendered to the Funds and fornon-audit services rendered to Service Affiliates for the fiscal years ended December 31, 20182019 and December 31, 20172018 were:

 

Fund

  December 31,
2018
   December 31,
2017
   December 31,
2019
   December 31,
2018
 

FOF

  $5,850   $5,740   $5,940   $5,850 

INB

  $15,630   $15,295 

RQI

  $5,660   $5,550   $5,750   $5,660 

RNP

  $5,850   $5,740   $5,940   $5,850 

UTF

  $17,420   $19,665   $38,400   $20,100 

INB*

  $15,860   $15,630 

RFI

  $5,660   $5,550   $5,750   $5,660 

PSF

  $5,850   $5,740   $5,940   $5,850 

LDP

  $5,850   $5,740   $5,940   $5,850 

MIE*

  $93,770   $91,960 

MIE**

  $95,180   $93,770 

Service Affiliates

  $0   $0   $0   $0 

 

*

Effective December 20, 2019, UTF acquired the shares of INB in exchange for shares of UTF.

**

Each fiscal year ended November 30.

Due to MIE’s structure and its MLP investments, thenon-audit fees are typically higher than thenon-audit fees for our otherclosed-end funds. MIE’snon-audit fees are billed in connection with tax compliance services, including the preparation and review of tax returns and the computation of corporate income and franchise tax amounts.

The Audit Committees considered whether the provision ofnon-audit services that were rendered to Service Affiliates that were not required to bepre-approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule2-01 of RegulationS-X was compatible with maintaining the independence of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

21


CERTAIN INFORMATION REGARDING THE INVESTMENT MANAGER

The Funds have retained Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc., a New York corporation with offices at 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017, to serve as

21


their investment manager and administrator under investment management agreements and administration agreements dated as follows:

 

Fund

  

Date of Investment
Management Agreement

  

Date of Administration
Agreement

RQI

  May 25, 2002  May 25, 2002

RNP

  June 24, 2003  June 27, 2003

INB

June 12, 2007June 12, 2007

UTF

  March 25, 2004  March 25, 2004

RFI

  September 17, 1993  June 13, 2014

FOF

  One agreement appointing both advisor and administrator dated October 16, 2006

PSF

  September 15, 2010  September 15, 2010

LDP

  June 19, 2012  June 19, 2012

MIE

  February 20, 2013  February 20, 2013

Robert H. Steers is a “controlling person” of the Advisor on the basis of his ownership of more than 25% of the stock of the Advisor’s parent company, CNS. His address is 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017.

State Street Bank and Trust Company, with offices at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, serves asco-administrator for all of the Funds.

OFFICERS OF THE FUNDS

The principal officers of the Funds and their principal occupations during at least the past five years, as reported by them to the Funds, are set forth below. The address of each of the Funds’ officers is c/o Cohen & Steers Funds, 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017.

ALL FUNDS

Robert H. Steers, Chairman of the Board (see “Proposal One: Election of Directors,” at page 3 for biographical information).

Joseph M. Harvey, Vice President (see “Proposal One: Election of Directors,” at page 3 for biographical information).

Adam M. Derechin, President and Chief Executive Officer, born in 1964, joined the Advisor in 1993. He has been the Chief Operating Officer of the Advisor since 2003.

Dana A. DeVivo, Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, born in 1981, joined the Advisor in 2013. She has been a Senior Vice President of the Advisor since 2019. Prior to that she was a Vice President of the Advisor from 2013 to 2019.

 

22


James Giallanza, Chief Financial Officer, born in 1966, joined the Advisor in 2006. He has been an Executive Vice President since 2014 and prior to that was a Senior Vice President.

Lisa Phelan, Chief Compliance Officer, born in 1968, joined the Advisor in 2006 as a Vice President. She has been an Executive Vice President since 2015 and prior to that was a Senior Vice President. She has been the Chief Compliance Officer of the Advisor, the Cohen & Steers funds, Cohen & Steers Asia Limited and Cohen & Steers Securities, LLC since 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

Albert Laskaj, Treasurer, born in 1977, joined the Advisor in 2015. He has been a Senior Vice President of the Advisor since 2019. Prior to that he was a Vice President of the Advisor from 2015 through 2019. Prior to that, he was Director of Legg Mason & Co. from 2013 to 2015.

Stephen Murphy, Deputy Chief Compliance Officer, born in 1966, joined the Advisor in 2019. He has been a Senior Vice President of the Advisor since 2019.

FOF, INB, UTF, RQI, RNP, and RFI

Yigal D. Jhirad, Vice President, born in 1964, joined the Advisor in 2007 as a Senior Vice President.

RFI, RNP and RQI

Thomas N. Bohjalian, Vice President, born in 1965, joined the Advisor in 2003, and has been an Executive Vice President since 2012. Prior to that he was a Senior Vice President of the Advisor from 2006 through 2011.2011, and Vice President from 2004 through 2005.

RFI and RQI

Jason Yablon, Vice President, born in 1979, joined the Advisor in 2004, and has been a Senior Vice President since 2014. Prior to that he was a Vice President of the Advisor from 2008 through 2013.

INB, PSF, RFI, RNP, RQI, LDP and UTF

William F. Scapell, Vice President, born in 1967, joined the Advisor in 2003 and has been an Executive Vice President since 2014. Prior to that he was a Senior Vice President of the Advisor from 2003 through 2013.

23


PSF and LDP

Elaine Zaharis-Nikas, Vice President, born in 1973, joined the Advisor in 2003 and has been a Senior Vice President since 2014. Prior to that she was a Vice President of the Advisor from 20032005 through 2013.

23


INB

Christopher Rhine, Vice President, born in 1979, joined the Advisor in 2012 and has been a Senior Vice President since 2016. Prior to that he was a Vice President of the Advisor from 2012 through 2015.

FOF

Douglas Bond, Vice President, born in 1959, joined the Advisor in 2004 as an Executive Vice President.

UTF

Robert S. Becker, Vice President, born in 1969, joined the Advisor in 2003 as a Senior Vice President.

UTF and MIE

Benjamin Morton, Vice President, born in 1974, joined the Advisor in 2003 and has been an Executive Vice President since 2019. Prior to that he was a Senior Vice President of the Advisor from 2010 to 2018.2018, and Vice President from 2005 through 2009.

MIE

Tyler Rosenlicht, Vice President, born in 1985, joined the Advisor in 2012 and has been a Senior Vice President since 2018. Prior to that he was a Vice President of the Advisor from 2015 to 2017. Prior to joining the Advisor he was an investment banking associate with Keefe, Bruyette & Woods.

SUBMISSION OF PROPOSALS FOR THE NEXT

ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

All proposals by stockholders of the Funds which are intended (and eligible) to be presented at the Funds’ next Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held in 2020,2021, must be received by the relevant Funds (addressed to the Fund(s), 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017) for inclusion in that Fund’s proxy statement and proxy relating to that meeting no later than November 7, 2019.16, 2020. Under the Funds’ current bylaws, any stockholder who desires to nominate individuals for election to the Board of Directors, or to bring a proposal of other business for consideration at the Funds’ 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders without including such director nomination or proposal of other business in the Funds’ proxy statement, must deliver written notice thereof to the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the relevant Fund (addressed to the Fund, 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017) during the30-day period from October 8, 20196, 2020 to 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on November 7, 2019.5, 2020. All stockholder director

24


nominations and proposals of other business must include the information required by the Funds’applicable Fund’s bylaws.

24


STOCKHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS

Stockholders may send written communications to their Fund’s Board to the attention of the Board of Directors, c/o Cohen & Steers Funds, 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017. Stockholder communications must be signed by the stockholder and identify the number of shares held by the stockholder. Each properly submitted stockholder communication shall be provided to the Board at its next regularly scheduled meeting or, if such communication requires more immediate attention, it will be forwarded to the Directors promptly after receipt.

Voting Results

Each Fund will advise its stockholders of the voting results of the matters voted upon at the Meeting in its next Semi-Annual Report to Stockholders (or in the case of MIE, its next Annual Report to Stockholders).

Notice to Banks, Broker/Dealers and Voting Trustees and their Nominees

Please advise the Funds whether other persons are the beneficial owners of Fund shares for which proxies are being solicited from you, and, if so, the number of copies of the Combined Proxy Statement and other soliciting material you wish to receive in order to supply copies to the beneficial owners of Fund shares.

OTHER MATTERS

Management does not know of any matters to be presented at the Meeting other than those mentioned in this Combined Proxy Statement. If any of the persons listed above is unavailable for election as a Director, an event not now anticipated, or if any other matters properly come before the Meeting, the shares represented by proxies will be voted with respect thereto in accordance with the discretion of the person or persons voting the proxies.

Please note that only one copy of an annual or semi-annual report or proxy statement may be delivered to two or more stockholders of a Fund who share an address, unless the Fund has received instructions to the contrary. To request a separate copy of an annual or semi-annual report or proxy statement, or for instructions as to who to request a separate copy of such documents or how to request a single copy if multiple copies of such documents are received, stockholders should contact the Fund at the address and phone number set forth above. Pursuant to a request, a separate copy will be delivered promptly.

 

25


QUORUM AND VOTES REQUIRED

For each Fund the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at the Meeting is required to constitute a quorum at the Meeting.

For each Fund the election of Ms. RichardsMessrs. Clark and Messrs. Harvey and MaginnisJunkans will require the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast at the Meeting, assuming a quorum is present.

If the accompanying form of proxy is executed properly and returned, shares represented by it will be voted at the Meeting in accordance with the instructions on the proxy. However, if no instructions are specified, shares will be voted for the election of each of the Directors. Each Fund’s Board does not know of any matters to be brought before the Meeting other than the election of the Fund’s nominees as described above in this Combined Proxy Statement. The authorized proxies will vote in their discretion on any business other than the election of the Fund’s nominees for Director that properly comes before the Meeting or any postponement(s) or adjournment(s) thereof, if any.

 

By order of the Boards of Directors,

LOGOLOGO

Dana A. DeVivo

Secretary

March 6, 20195, 2020

New York, New York

 

26


[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]


 

 

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting:

The Proxy Statement is available at www.proxyvote.com.

COHEN & STEERS CLOSED-END OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS GLOBAL INCOME BUILDER, INC.

COHEN & STEERS INFRASTRUCTURE FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS LIMITED DURATION PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS MLP INCOME AND ENERGY OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS QUALITY INCOME REALTY FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS REIT AND PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS SELECT PREFERRED AND INCOME FUND, INC.

COHEN & STEERS TOTAL RETURN REALTY FUND, INC.

280 PARK AVENUE

NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017

PROXY SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Revoking such prior appointments, the undersigned appoints Nicholas RinaldiChristian Corkery and Albert Laskaj (or, if only one shall act, then that one) as proxies, with thefull power of substitution in each of them, to vote all of the shares of the stock of [Cohen & Steers Fund] (the “Fund”) registered in the name of the undersigned at the 20192020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held at the offices of Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc., 280 Park Avenue, 10th10th Floor, New York, New York 10017 on April 25, 201923, 2020 at 10:11:00 a.m., New York City time, and at any postponements or adjournments thereof, and to otherwise represent the undersigned at the meeting with all powers possessed by the undersigned if personally present at the meeting.

PLEASE MARK, SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THIS PROXY CARD PROMPTLY IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.

Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) on the books of the Fund and date. Joint owners should sign personally. Trustees and other fiduciaries should indicate the capacity in which they sign, and where more than one name appears, a majority must sign. If a corporation, this signature should be that of an authorized officer who should state his or her title.

(Continued on the reverse)


 

 

 

 

To vote by Internet

1) Read the Proxy Statement and have the proxy card below at hand.

2) Go to websitewww.proxyvote.com

3) Follow the instructions provided on the website.

To vote by Telephone

1) Read the Proxy Statement and have the proxy card below at hand.

2) Call1-800-690-6903

3) Follow the instructions.

To vote by Mail

1) Read the Proxy Statement.

2) Check the appropriate boxes on the proxy card below.

3) Sign and date the proxy card.

4) Return the proxy card in the envelope provided.

 

TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS:

 

Vote On Directors  

FOR

ALL

   

WITHHOLD

ALL

   

FOR

ALL

EXCEPT

 

 

1. Election of Directors

      

Nominees:

      

1.1 Daphne L. RichardsMichael G. Clark

            

1.2 Gerald J. Maginnis

1.3 Joseph M. HarveyDean A. Junkans

      

 

(Instructions: To withhold authority for an individual nominee, write that nominee’s name in the line provided below.)

 

 

*Exceptions:

  

 

  

Please

Mark Here

for Address

Change or

Comments

                    
  SEE REVERSE SIDE  
       
       
       
       

2. To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting.

The Shares of stock represented by this Proxy will be voted in accordance with the specifications made above. If no specifications are made, such shares will be voted FOR the election of all the nominees for Director. The votes entitled to be cast by the undersigned will be cast in the discretion of the Proxy holder on any other matter that may properly come before the meeting or any postponements or adjournments thereof. The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR each nominee.

 

 

Please Sign, Date and Return the Proxy Card Promptly Using the Enclosed Envelope.

Note: Please be sure to sign and date this proxy.

 

Signature  

 

 

       Signature    

 

        Date    

 

      

  FOLD AND DETACH HERE